Definition
A metric space is an ordered pair \((M, d)\) where \(M\) is a set and \(d\) is a metric on \(M\).
\[d: M\times M \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\]
1. \(d(x, x) = 0\)
2. \(d(x,y) > 0, x \ne y\)
3. \(d(x,y)=d(y,x)\)
4. \(d(x,z) \le d(x,y)+d(y,z)\)
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